Characteristics Of A Gram Stain Essay - 1556 Words

A gram stain is a type of differential stain, which means it allows distinction of one cell from another based on differential staining properties. The most widely used differential stain in microbiology is the gram stain. This technique separates bacteria into two groups: gram positive and gram negative. These are based on differences of the structure of the cell wall. Gram-positive cells stain purple, due to their thick peptidoglycan cell wall. Gram-negative cells will stain pink due to their thin peptidoglycan layer surrounded by a cell membrane that will not hold the crystal violet stain. After completing four different gram stains on my unknown bacteria, I found that my organism was gram negative due to the cells staining pink. I also discovered that my bacterium was rod shaped, and was in the arrangement of single cells or pairs of cells. So, this narrowed down my bacteria to be Citrobacter diversus, Escherichia coli, or Shigella sonnei since these are all gram-negative species . Kligler’s Iron Agar (KIA) Kligler’s Iron Agar can detect three primary characteristics of a bacterium: its ability to ferment lactose and glucose, its ability to produce gas from the fermentation of sugars, and the production of hydrogen sulfide (H2S). After my tube was inoculated it showed the results of completely yellow agar meaning my bacteria fermented both glucose and lactose, no bubble at the bottom meaning it produced no gas, and no black color meaning it did not ferment H2S. I wasShow MoreRelatedDiagnosis of an Infected Patient Essay1061 Words   |  5 PagesBacillus is a rod-shaped, endospore-forming, facultatively anaerobic and gram-positive bacterium (Tortora G2). The gram stain is fundamental to identify the characteristics of bacteria as this process differentiates organisms according to the cell wall structure. Gram-positive cells have a thick cell wall layer and will stain blue to purple. The Gram stain process requires four steps which include applying a primary stain, usually crys tal violet, to a heat-fixed smear, then adding a mordant, usuallyRead More Applying Staining Techniques to View and Identify Bacteria Essay693 Words   |  3 Pagesto identify different bacteria by simple, negative, and gram staining. To view each bacteria cell, the bacteria was transferred aseptically to a slide, and they were then viewed by using oil immersion, by a light microscope. From this lab, it was determined that E. coli and B. megaterium are gram negative and B. subtilis and S. Marcesans are gram positive. Introduction The purpose of this lab was to view the different characteristics of bacteria by applying various staining techniques. ItRead MoreDanish Physician Hans Christian Gram Stain, Escherichia Coli, And Unknown Colony1552 Words   |  7 Pages Gram Staining: Micrococcus leteus, Escherichia coli, and Unknown Colony Ethan Hinkle Microbiology Lab 3051, Section 001 Instructor: Harrison Taylor February 9, 2015 This report represents my individual effort. I did not receive or offer aid to anyone when performing this assignment, nor did I plagiarize any material. Signed: __________________________________________________________ INTRODUCTION In 1884, Danish Physician Hans Christian Gram was in the process of developing aRead MoreEssay on HS320 Microbiology Unit1 Assignment1302 Words   |  6 Pageselectron microscope, even though the specimen is not alive under this microscope.   Stains Apart from advances in microscopes to view what the un-aided eye cannot, there are stains that help differentiate between the type of bacteria, viruses, spores or even flagella. The most commonly used stains are the Simple stain, Differential stain which consists of Gram positive and negative and the Acid- fast stain. The Simple stain: Technique can be performed with basic dyes such as crystal violet or methyleneRead MoreWhat Are Bacteria And Other Organisms?1458 Words   |  6 Pages(Intrieri, 2014). In order to identify bacteria and other organisms, scientists have developed many different tests to differentiate microorganisms from each other their physical characteristics. There are many different physiological tests one can used to identify bacteria. For this project, one can use a spore stain to see if a bacteria can produce spores in response to nutrient depletion.(Intrieri, 2014) There is also the catalase tests, which show whether bacteria possesses the enzyme catalaseRead MoreGram, Gram And C. Gram895 Words   |  4 PagesGram’s Stain was discovered in 1882, but published in 1884 by a Danish Bacteriologist Doctor by the name of Hans Christian Gram. Gram stumbled upon this method while he was examining some lung tissue from patients that had died of pneumonia. While examining this lung tissue Gram discovered that certain stains were more favorable and retained by the bacterial cells. It was only a few years later that Gram produced a staining procedure that he divided into two groups. The two groups divided almostRead MoreUnknown Microbiology Lab Report Essay1128 Words   |  5 Pages36 Introduction The purpose of this lab was to identify two unknown bacteria from a mixed culture. The reason for identification of unknown bacteria was to help students recognize different bacteria through different biochemical tests and characteristics. This is important in the medical field because identification of unknown bacteria can help treat a patient by knowing the contributing source of a disease. Also knowledge of different bacteria helped others make antibiotics used today. ThisRead MoreGrain Staining1116 Words   |  5 Pagesexercise 4 was to understand the differential staining techniques: gram staining and special stain structures. Differential staining techniques are used to help identify microorganisms based on the morphology and its ability to accept the stains used. During the staining process the cells retaining the initial stain are positive, and the cells retaining the counter or secondary stain are considered to be negative. Differential stains are used to identify microo rganism based on metabolism, chemicalRead MoreTheory of Staining Techniques977 Words   |  4 Pagesdifferent internal structures such as vacuoles, cell walls and spores in details (Seeley and others 1991). Some staining techniques such as Gram staining, endospore stain and capsule stain are some of the theories of stains used in bacteriology today. Also, these staining procedures help in determining properties of an unknown culture. Gram staining is a differential stain that helps in distinguishing between types of bacteria and it is the most useful staining procedure used today (Seeley and others 1991)Read MoreBacillus Badius1212 Words   |  5 PagesRobert Suran May 1 2013 Microbiology Abstract Over a three week time span I was able to successfully identify an unknown microorganism by combining the results of several tests. The first test was the Gram stain test which showed the microorganism was Gram positive and rod shaped. Using an Unknown Identification Flowchart, I proceeded to inoculate a Starch plate. In week 2, I analyzed the Starch plate and was able to determine that the results for Starch Hydrolysis were negative

Standardazaion in Supply Chain free essay sample

Singapore Institute of Materials Management (SIMM) (DSCM08/15) Purchasing Management Individual Assignment Done by Rachel Chan Soon Chee Submit to Lecturer: Max Ee by 20th May 2009 Table of Contents Introduction1 Chapter 1 Part 1 Standardization of Containerization 1. Common type of container2-4 2. Benefit of Standardization in container5 3. Evolution of container6-7 4. Initiative standardization of container in Singapore7 Part 1 Standardization of Containerization 5. Common type of pallet8-10 6. Benefit of Standardization in pallet11 7. Case Studies of successful standardisation project12 Conclusion13 Reference14 Introduction Standardisation is increasingly recognised as a vital means to improve the efficiency and productivity of enterprises. As the national standards body for Singapore, SPRING Singapore’s role is to improve productivity, quality and market access for businesses and industries, protect consumer interests and enhance safety, health and environmental conditions for Singapore through the use of standardization. With globalisation and the infocomm environment, standards are essential to ensure interconnectivity and interoperability for efficiency and increased productivity. We will write a custom essay sample on Standardazaion in Supply Chain or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page To have a competitive edge, companies, especially SMEs need to be aware of standards and the advantage of implementing standards. In todays competitive and globalised environment, standards have become increasingly important in enhancing trade and productivity. The productivity boost that SIP(s bring gives an added edge to companies. Standardisation has a major impact on our lives as standards provide the fundamentals for our daily transactions. The benefits of standardisation are wide and many. Chapter 1 Part 1

Kite runner as a metaphor

Table of Contents Introduction The metaphor Conclusion Works Cited Introduction Kite running refers to the act of manipulating the spool of the kite in order for it to move and beat other kites. This sport is quite common among children in Afghanistan and normally entails two boys who each have separate roles.Advertising We will write a custom research paper sample on Kite runner as a metaphor specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More One is responsible for determining the actual direction that the kite will run while the other one changes the threads such that the movement is made possible. The kite runner is responsible for the latter task and he often does most of the hard work. Nonetheless, when declaring a winner, competitors normally acknowledge and award the controller of the kite and not the runner. The metaphor Having looked at the concept of kite running itself, one can clearly see how the title is metaphorical. First, becaus e the kite runner never really gets much appraisal for his work, one can argue that the sport is a bit unfair. This may be likened to the situation in war. Parties involved in a conflict barely fight fair and square. Such unfairness was especially replicated in a number of conflicts that the book covers including the US-Taliban war as well as Soviet occupation. The helplessness of the victims in the story is symptomatic of the injustice brought about by war just like the kite runner who never gets justice for his contributions. War has caused a lot of the main characters a lot of problems hence signifying the injustice inherent in war. First, Baba was a wealthy individual who lived a fulfilling life back home in Afghanistan, however after the Soviet occupation, he had to escape to the United States and start from scratch. Not only did he have to leave his property in Afghan for a strange place, he also lost his status there (Hosseini, 45). Back home, Baba was a very influential merc hant who changed the lives of members of his community through a number of initiatives. However, this soon came to an end when he fled to the US because he became nothing more than a gas station employee. Additionally, he was forced to display some goods at a flea market in order to make ends meet. He and his son had to rent a worn out house in this foreign nation. The tale of Amir’s family is quite synonymous with the stories of many other Afghanis who have lost their status and wealth because of the wars. Perhaps most importantly, one can say that the unfairness of war was manifested through the death of many innocent victims. Hassan was one such individual. During the reign of the Taliban, he had been confronted by one of them concerning Baba’s house. He attempted to salvage this piece of property and instead lost his life for it.Advertising Looking for research paper on literature languages? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More This was indeed great injustice because the Taliban had no right to simply take property that belonged to other people or to take their lives but they still went ahead and did it. Another individual who bore the brunt of war and its unfairness was Ali. This loyal servant to Baba lost his life as a result of land mines that had been placed at Hazajarat. Such incidences would not have arisen if there was no war and if it was not conducted in an unfair manner that leads to the death of innocent lives. Alternatively, one may look at the characteristics of the kite as a metaphor for the characteristics of war. The kite by its very nature cannot move unless another person is controlling it. This means that even though the kite appears to be at one with nature or to be totally free, it never really is. The kite runner and the kite fighter restrict the movement of the kite in order for it to move in an orderly manner. In fact, without the intervention of these two parties, t he kite can never really be in motion. If these restrictions are too much or disorderly, then it may lead to chaos. Also if the restrictions are too weak then the kite will barely move. Similarly, governments are supposed to restrict the activities of their citizens so as to maintain law and order. If a government overdoes this then it may result in chaos or war. The novel is set against the backdrop of the Afghan civil war of 1996 to 2001 that was spearheaded by the Taliban (Despain, 56). The fact that children can be bought from orphanages is a sign of the degree of lawlessness that had pervaded Afghanistan as a result of the Taliban rule. Assef wanted to exert his revenge upon Hassan and therefore chose to vent this out onto his son Sohrab. This boy was bought from an orphanage using a certain amount of money. He was then made to perform heinous acts in front of Assef. Assef also defiled this young boy using his position as a member of the Taliban. The lack of control and general disorder in the country led to such acts being committed against innocent children like Sohrab. This failure of the Afghan government to control its own people can also be witnessed through the Soviet occupation of Afghanistan that started in 1979 and lasted for ten years. The author of the novel frequently states that this war was the reason behind the immigration of the latter family to the United States. At the time, the Afghan army could no longer contain the frequent uprisings that were occurring in different parts of the country. To this end, it requested for assistance from the Soviet Union. The latter state obliged and sent its troops to fight resistance forces against the government. The operations were mostly carried out against the Mujahideen. However, because the Soviet had enemies such as the United States then the latter country started getting involved. It was reported that the US did this through government opposition forces.Advertising We will write a custom r esearch paper sample on Kite runner as a metaphor specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More This war proved to be a tall order for the Soviet Union which was having logistical problems as well as problems with the geographical landscape of the Afghans. Also, continuous aid granted by the CIA to their enemies further complicated this matter. In the end, the Soviet had to come out of this territory and left Afghanistan under the leadership of Najibullah. In 1992, his reign came to an end when rival parties decided to form the Islamic State of Afghanistan. However, because this arrangement was not all inclusive, it soon became clear that the country was not going to enjoy peace any time soon. One opposing party known as Hekmatyar started another civil war in order to gain power for himself. Things were worsened by the existence of two separate militias that were backed by foreign governments like Saudi Arabia and Iran. The situation became even m ore complex when a different force, the Taliban entered the scene with the backing of Pakistan in 1996. They started taking over and controlling the latter city. They imposed several unrealistic rules such as requiring men to always wear their beards, stoning of adulterous individuals and the like. The Taliban unleashed a lot of terror especially because they considered a certain community in Afghanistan inferior to others so they abused their rights. This went on terrorizing others while Mahmoud was still president (Vogelsang, 39). The latter individual started asking for help from the external world in order to overcome the Taliban forces. In 2001, the United States chose to participate in the affairs of Afghanistan. Through the support of the US army and anti-Taliban forces, the latter group was ousted in this very year. As can be seen, the history of Afghanistan is laden with several wars and conflicts. These conflicts were the backdrop against which the novel was set. The numer ous deaths, escapes and exiles revisited in the novel were brought by these conflicts. The author therefore preempts this through the use of his title the kite runner. In the same way that the kite depends on its runner and fighter to fly, the Afghan state depended on its government to survive. As stated earlier, only the right amount of manipulation of the kite can ensure that it rises and stays up. Similarly, the right degree of restriction and law was needed in order to make Afghanistan a peaceful sate. The failure of its many governments to control and lead their people well is what led to the chaos that has pervaded this nation for decades. The relationship between Hassan, the kite and Amir was a metaphor for the conditions that can lead to war as witnessed later in the novel. The title also testifies to the warlike nature of Afghanistan through the actual acts of kite fighting. In this sport, boys often fly the kites using strings made up of bits of broken glass. These often r ub against the hands of the participants who still continue outdoing each other despite this obvious pain.Advertising Looking for research paper on literature languages? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More Additionally, the sport often focuses on putting one’s opponents down. In fact, it can be interpreted as some sort of battle between the contestants. These children will try to cut the others’ kites so that they can fall down. Once those kites fall, the person responsible for it will retrieve it and claim the kite as his own. Even Hassan tells his counterpart Amir that there are â€Å"No rules. Fly your kite. Cut the opponents. Good luck!† (Hosseini, 34). These activities are quite similar to those that apply in war zones. Adversaries normally focus on putting each other down so that they may be in a position to claim victory. War is very violent in nature and this can be seen through certain incidences in the novel. For example, as an adult, Amir watches in horror as a couple gets stoned to death by the extremists in his nation for committing adultery. He is visibly shaken by this act of violence. Such an incident would not have taken place if Afghanistan was a peaceful nation. However, the general atmosphere in this nation is such that it preempts such actions. It was under the Taliban that many violent acts were committed against individuals. For example, one learns that Assef was a member of Taliban and as such he could get away with torturous acts such as physical violence and rape. Here, readers are told that Assef had raped and abused Sohrab – Hassan’s child. Violence can also be seen when we learn about the daughters of Farid the taxi driver (Darhis, 228). They lost their lives as a result of land mines that also mutilated his own body parts. In times of war, members of one nation must unite so as to fight a common enemy. Even though these citizens may have their own personal differences, they normally have to leave those aside in order to put up a fight in war. Hassan and Amir were very different; Amir was the child of a wealthy businessman while Hassan was the servant’s son. Hassan used to cater to Amirâ€⠄¢s personal needs like washing and cleaning. Hassan and Amir also had very divergent interests and values. However, all those things were easily forgotten when they were kite fighting. In the same manner, citizens of Afghanistan would unite in order to fight a common adversary in many of the wars mentioned in the novel. Conclusion The kite was a metaphor and an indication of things to come in the novel. It can be interpreted as a depiction of the unfairness of war similar to the relationship between the kite fighter and the kite runner. Alternatively, the title can also be a metaphor for the characteristics of war as was seen in the violent nature of the sport. One may also see the kite runner as a metaphor for the preconditions of war which entail a failure to exert the right governmental restrictions in the same manner that the kite runner does to the kite. Alternatively, the title may be understood as a way of bringing together diverse people against a common enemy as is the cas e in war and in kite fighting. Works Cited Hosseini, Khaled. The kite runner. NY: Riverhead trade, 2004 Darhis, Manhola. From memories there is no escape. New York Times, 14th December, 2008 Vogelsang, Willem. The Afghans. NY: Blackwell publishers, 2002 Despain, Dori. A brief history of Afghanistan. School Journal, 53(9), 56 This research paper on Kite runner as a metaphor was written and submitted by user Kellan G. to help you with your own studies. You are free to use it for research and reference purposes in order to write your own paper; however, you must cite it accordingly. You can donate your paper here.

Macon Bolling Allen, the First African-American Licensed Attorney

Macon Bolling Allen, the First African-American Licensed Attorney Macon Bolling Allen was not only the first African-American licensed to practice law in the United States, he was also the first to hold a judicial post. Allen was born A. Macon Bolling in 1816 in Indiana. As a free African-American, Allen learned to read and write. As a young adult, he gained employment as a schoolteacher. Allen Becomes an Attorney During the 1840s, Allen moved to Portland, Maine. Although it is unclear why Allen moved to Maine, historians believe it may have been because it was a free state. While in Portland, he changed his name to Macon Bolling Allen. Employed by General Samuel Fessenden- an abolitionist and lawyer- Allen worked as a clerk and studied law. Fessenden encouraged Allen to pursue a license to practice law because anyone could be admitted to the Maine Bar association if they were considered to have good character. However, Allen was initially rejected because he was not considered a citizen because he was African-American. However, Allen then decided to take the bar examination to bypass his lack of citizenship. On July 3, 1844, Allen passed the exam and became licensed to practice law. Yet, despite earning the right to practice law, Allen was unable to find much work as an attorney for two reasons: many whites were not willing to hire a black attorney and there were very few African-Americans living in Maine. By 1845, Allen moved to Boston. Allen opened an office with Robert Morris Sr. Their office became the first African-American law office in the United States. Although Allen was able to make a modest income in Boston, racism and discrimination were still presentpreventing him from being successful. As a result, Allen took an exam to become a Justice of the Peace for Middlesex County in Massachusetts. As a result, Allen became the first African-American to hold a judicial position in the United States. Allen decided to relocate to Charleston following the Civil War. Once settled, Allen opened a law office with two other African-American attorneysWilliam J. Whipper and Robert Brown. The passing of the fifteenth amendment inspired Allen to become involved in politics and he became active in the Republican Party. By 1873, Allen was appointed a judge on the Inferior Court of Charleston. The following year, he was elected as a probate judge for Charleston County in South Carolina. Following the Reconstruction period in the south, Allen relocated to Washington D.C. and worked as a lawyer for the Land and Improvement Association. Abolition Movement After becoming licensed to practice law in Boston, Allen caught the attention of abolitionists such as William Lloyd Garrison. Allen attended an anti-slavery meeting in Boston. Most notably, he attended the anti-slavery convention in May 1846. At the convention, a petition was passed around in opposition to involvement in the Mexican War. However, Allen did not sign the petition, arguing that he was supposed to defend the United States Constitution. This argument was made public in a letter written by Allen that was published in the Liberator. However, Allen ended his letter arguing that he still adamantly opposed enslavement. Marriage and Family Life Very little is known about Allens family in Indiana. However, once moving to Boston, Allen met and married his wife, Hannah. The couple had five sonsJohn, born in 1852; Edward, born in 1856; Charles, born in 1861; Arthur, born in 1868 and Macon B. Jr., born in 1872. According to United States Census records, all of Allens sons worked as schoolteachers. Allens Death Allen died on October 10, 1894, in Washington D.C. He was survived by his wife and one son.

Civil Rights Act Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2250 words

Civil Rights Act - Essay Example Reconstruction, also known as Radical Reconstruction, was the period after the American Civil War. During this time, the South was in political, social, and economic turmoil and eleven Confederate states had already seceded from the Union during the wartime unrest. In response, the Union attempted to regain order in the Confederate states during the Reconstruction era. The ex-slave states were divided into 5 military districts by the Reconstruction Act of 1867 and an assistant commissioner was appointed to each district. (McElrath 2008 Afroamhistory.about.com) After the Civil War, Congress established a Bureau for the refugees,Freedmen and Abandoned Lands, known as the Freedmen's Bureau. We find in McElrath's article that it provided with food, medical care, helped with resettlement, and very noble it established schools. Due to inadequate funds, corruption and inefficiency it closed in 1870.While the Freedmen’s Bureau worked to help Southern blacks, opposition to their new fr eedom was mounting. In 1865, several Southern states passed legislation creating black codes. Depending upon the state, these laws generally restricted blacks’ right to own property, controlled where they were allowed to live, established a curfew, and forced blacks to work as agricultural laborers or as domestics. The Black Codes were quickly eliminated with the passage of the Civil Rights Act of 1866. The Act gave blacks the rights and privileges of full citizenship. (McElrath Afroamhistory.about.com 2008). ... agricultural laborers or as domestics. The Black Codes were quickly eliminated with the passage of the Civil Rights Act of 1866. The Act gave blacks the rights and privileges of full citizenship. (McElrath Afroamhistory.about.com 2008). The Reconstruction Act of 1867 eliminated white controlled Governments. President Johnson, successor of Lincoln had reneged his promise to implement Lincoln's Reconstruction plan so that States could revise legislatures and implement less severe codes instead of eliminating all the black codes. With the Reconstruction Act, blacks were given the the freedom to participate in the political process. Black became ordinary 10489 4 to kill and torture the black. Affter the Reconstruction ended all changed at constitutional conventions, helped to write laws and became state legislators. In June 1866, Congress proposed the 14th Amendment to the U. S. Constitution. It provided blacks with citizenship and guaranteed that federal and state laws applied equally to blacks and whites. With the passage of the Amendment, Congress also provided that Southern states could not be readmitted to the Union until it ratified the 14th Amendment. All of the states, except Tennessee, refused to do so. By 1870, however, the remaining 10 states ratified the 14th Amendment. (McElrath Afroamhistory.about.com 2008). In 1870, African Americans were given the right to vote through the 15th Amendment. According to this amendment, the right to vote applied to citizens regardless of race or color. Despite this right, some Southern states added grandfather clauses to their state Constitutions in an effort to counter this new right. Typical clauses stated that the right to vote extended only to citizens or

The hazards of taking children out to eat Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

The hazards of taking children out to eat - Essay Example The only way to reduce these problems is by modifying the eating habits through good education and by creating awareness among the children. These statistics could be reduced if children learn to make proper food choices. With the busy schedule of parents, children are used to eating outside and are enjoying the food that does not have much of nutritional benefits. This paper mainly focuses on the hazards of taking children out to eat. The habit of eating foods of little or no nutritional value such as cookies, candy, chips, and doughnuts contributes empty calories to the diet. Similarly, food such as pizzas, ice creams, and French fries have become their favorites among children. Sometimes, these foods are chosen as rewards by parents to make their child obey them which is a dangerous trend. Though most of the parents know the fact that eating outside may lead to various short and long term problems, they continue to follow this trend. Eating outside usually prevents children from being open to eating the wide variety of fruits and vegetables that provide essential vitamins and minerals needed for growth and good health. Every parent wishes to feed their kids with nutritious food. It is not just the wish of parents but it is also the need of every child that they are well nourished. It is a well known fact that only when children get required and balanced nutrients they have good physical and mental growth. The requirement of energy is high for kids since most of them are always into playing and running around. Though it is the primary responsibility of the parents to provide good nutritious food, it is also important that children themselves are made aware of what good food is and what the bad foods are. It is essential to help them become responsible for their own nutrition and eating habits so that they eat judiciously. If good habits are taught early in life, children tend to continue these habits

Psychopathic behavior Essay Example for Free

Psychopathic behavior Essay Mike Tyson, or Iron Mike, the world’s youngest heavy weight boxing champion, has been involved in several problems with the law. A brief look at his life will show that it is possible that he is suffering from antisocial personality disorder or psychopathy. Mike was born in Brooklyn, New York on June 30, 1966. He came from a broken family as his left them when he was two years old. At his younger years, before 12 years old, he became a member a street gang and was involved in numerous bouts with the law. At the age 12 he was arrested for armed robbery and was sent a correctional center for juveniles in New York. At the age of 16 his mother died, and having no parent, he lived with his boxing trainer D’ Amato, became his legal guardian. There were rumors that he sexually abused a 12 year old girl. At age 20, in 1986, he came the world’s youngest WBC heavyweight champion. At age 21, he became the WBA heavy weight champion, and earned $20 million. Later he was married to actress Robin Givens, but they subsequently divorced. In 1992, he was convicted of rape and he spent 3 years in prison. In an official match, he bit off a chink of Evander Holyfield’s ear, which caused him to be banished from boxing for quite some time. In 1999, he was again sent to prison for assault. In a 2002 press conference, he attacked Lennox Lewis and bit his leg. In 2005, he was in debt for $34 million, despite earning hundreds of millions throughout his career. In 2006, he was again apprehended for driving while under the influence of alcohol. Based on these, it can be believed that Mike Tyson is possibly suffering from antisocial personality disorder. The key symptoms of antisocial personality disorder are; repeated lawbreaking, which can be seen from his repeated arrests; deceitfulness or lying; impulsivity, irritableness and aggressiveness, which can be seen from his assault and attack charges; reckless disregard for own safety and that of others, which can be seen when he was driving without a license; irresponsibility as seen unreliable employment history or not meeting financial obligations, which can be seen is being in debt for millions of dollars; lack of remorse; conduct disorder, which can be seen as he was already a member of a gang conduct disorder before 15 yrs of age. Lacks of affection, severe parental rejection, and lack of discipline from parents, are considered to be the primary causes of psychopathic behavior. In Mike’s case, he came from a broken family. He had no father since he was 2 years old. He had no mother since he was 16 years old. One might assume that mike never that the affection from his parents. When his father left their family, Mike might have taken it as being rejected. Their family set-up provided no or little room for discipline. Experts have found that it is futile to try to alter the nature of psychopaths (Davidson et al, 2004). A reason for this is that psychopaths just play along with therapists, indicating the manipulative character of psychopaths. It is also believed that it is unlikely that psychopaths would want to be in therapy. Recent studies however show that there can benefits from psychosocial treatment for younger patients with the said disorder (Davidson et al, 2004). Because of these, I believe treatment for Mike would be futile. Considering that he is already 42 years old, and that research have shown that treatment for psychopaths are often unsuccessful, and that psychosocial treatment would only benefit younger patients, it would be safe to assume that he will derive minimal, or no benefit at all from treatment. However since, he is already 42 years old, it can also be said that it would not be needed since psychopaths often settle down in middle age and after. In this stage in his life, antisocial behavior is believed to be less evident (Davidson et al, 2004). Reference Davidson, G. C. , Neale, J. M. , Kring, A. M. ( 2004) Abnormal Psychology. USA. John Wiley Sons, Inc.